Wanderlust Diaries
July 09 2021 | Reading Time: 12 minutes
FM Announces Relief Measures To Revive Economy
“Ladies and gentlemen, welcome aboard this service from Bengaluru to Mumbai. We are third in line awaiting take-off and will be in the air in seven minutes. Please fasten your seatbelts and secure all baggage under your seats or in the overhead bins. Enjoy your flight!”
Before COVID-19 grounded flights the world over, this announcement on domestic flights welcomed more than one crore air passengers in India. The pandemic clipped the wings of the global aviation industry as stringent restrictions on travel ensured a near-total absence of flyers on any route, domestic or international.
In the pre-pandemic world, aviation had donned the growth hat. It was especially true of a country like India, where talks abounded about the growing tourism industry, an expanding middle-income class, the increasing preference for flights over trains, and several such tailwinds for the aviation industry.
With the lockdown and its accompanying global travel restrictions, benched staff, and rising ticketing liabilities, aviation companies rapidly burnt cash. In the past, the industry had faced a few headwinds such as higher crude oil prices and economic slumps, but no situation was ever so bad as to ground entire fleets and idle aviation companies, that too for more than a year.
Aviation Industry Faced Grim Scenario in the Backdrop of COVID-19
FY21 brought about the biggest setback the global aviation industry ever faced. Pandemic-induced lockdowns plunged passenger demand by 94.3% in April 2020 versus April 2019, its lowest level ever. Between February and April 2020, revenue-passenger kilometer (RPK) declined steadily/y by almost 99%.
After May 25, 2020, domestic airlines stutteringly resumed operations. Domestic passenger traffic recovered q/q in FY21. The recovery in Q2 stood at 292% as against the figure in Q1. Similarly, Q3 posted a sequential growth of 113% (over Q2) while Q4 posted a sequential growth of 23% (over Q3).
However, the Indian aviation industry again took a huge hit when the second wave of infections hit and many states reinstated lockdowns and restrictions to curb the spread of the pandemic. Daily cash burn at airlines jumped to Rs 19 crore in Q3 FY21, a figure likely to shoot up in the June quarter. Indigo, the leading player in India’s aviation space, registered a 10% decline in its passenger numbers in March 2021 amid the second wave of the pandemic.
Declining Passenger Numbers in January–May 2021
Domestic airlines ferried 312.23 lakh passengers between January and May 2021 as against 331.94 lakh passengers during the same period in 2020, thereby registering a negative annual growth rate of 5.94% (but a positive monthly growth rate of 651.96%).
Passenger Load Factor (PLF)
PLFs of scheduled domestic airlines in May 2021 were as shown in the following chart.
Load factors for all airlines weakening sequentially(%)
Indian Online Travel Agency (OTA) Market
India’s OTA market as of FY20 was estimated at $16B. It is expected to nearly double to $31B by FY25, expanding at a CAGR of 14% from FY20 levels. This phenomenal growth is to be driven by the increased adoption of internet platforms in underpenetrated segments such as hotels, international travel, and bus (online penetration rate <20% in each segment). Further, the rise in people’s income level would become a strong tailwind, elevating the underlying demand in sectors such as airlines and hotels. Growth is further expected in the back drop of deeper penetration of travel and tourism in the country’s lower tier towns and cities.
Outlook
Per the International Air Transport Association (IATA), global air travel is expected to rebound strongly by 2023 as countries ramp up COVID-19 vaccinations. IATA estimates passenger numbers would recover to 52% of the pre-pandemic levels by the end of this year, reach 88% next year, and surpass the pre-pandemic levels by 5% in 2023.
Increasing Travel
On the domestic front, demand started improving gradually in the last week of May 2021 and continued into mid-June. In fact, demand increased sharply in June amid the declining number of COVID-19 cases, indicating improved passenger sentiment. Many industry players now expect passenger traffic to revert to the February levels (when bookings surpassed 80% of pre-pandemic levels on certain days) by the end of this year. Travel portals like Ease My Trip are dealing with a slew of inquiries and demand is clearly on the rise like it was after the first wave subsided.
Besides airlines, railway traffic is also on an upswing. Union Railway Minister Piyush Goyal announced that 32 pairs of trains, including the Garib Rath Express Special, Taj Superfast Express, and Shane Punjab Special, will resume operations in July, along with several other routes. This would definitely increase traffic on the Indian Railway Catering & Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) website. On comparing the figures for the last two years, it is evident IRCTC was only able to issue half the number of tickets it usually does. This was due to pandemic-related lockdowns in many states. However, on a positive note, online ticket booking has grown to 80% from 72% in this period, and is expected to grow further.
Recent Developments
The minimum fare for domestic flights was increased, effective June 01, 2021. The lower airfare band was raised 13–15%, keeping the upper limit unchanged. This will be a positive factor for airlines as it will enable them to cover some of the costs attributed to increased fuel prices. Also, airlines fall under the scope of ECLGS 3.0. They can access additional funding of up to 40% of their loan outstanding, or Rs. 200 crore, whichever is lower, at attractive interest rates. Airlines can thus obtain liquidity to manage their working capital requirements. Further, in July, the civil aviation ministry allowed domestic airlines to operate at 65% of their pre-pan demicapacity, an increase from the 50% capacity allowed previously, as daily domestic air passengers numbered nearly 1,60,000 in the first week of July, up from 50,000 in May 2021.
Interglobe Aviation
Interglobe Aviation operates India’s largest passenger airline, IndiGo, which has a market share estimated at 53.9% as of April 2021. It operates in India’s domestic air travel market as a low-cost carrier and runs 1,500+ daily flights with a fleet of 285 aircraft and 91 destinations (67 domestic, 24 international). The company has a code-share agreement with other airlines worldwide. It announced operations to seven new destinations in Q4 FY21.
Financial performance
For the quarter ended March 31, 2021
Revenue from operations decreased 25% y/y to INR 62,229M due to the second wave of the pandemic and a surge in fuel prices.
It reported a net loss of INR 11.472M versus a net loss of INR 8,708M in the same period last year.
The daily cash burn at Indigo was INR 190M in 4QFY21 versus INR 150M q/q.
Risks Related to COVID-19
In Q3 FY21, the company operated around 70% of domestic capacity and only 28% of its international capacity as many countries continued to impose travel restrictions. In Q4 FY21, Indigo hit a peak load factor of 85% on certain days, especially in February 2021. However, a resurgence of COVID-19 cases in March 2021 slowed down bookings. On the international front, Indigo operated air bubble flights to 10 cities with capacity raised to 36% compared with the capacity in December 2020. Also in Q4, average fuel prices and adverse forex effects increased approximately 26% q/q. Daily cash burn increased 26.6% q/q and management expects this to continue into the June quarter.
O’Neil Methodology and Technical Viewpoint
The stock has been trading sideways in the last six months in a range of INR 1,500–1,860. It formed a base-on-base pattern and failed to break out from the stage-one cup pattern. However, it is currently trading between its 21-DMA and 50-DMA. It has a poor RS Rating of 37. Ideally, we would want this rating to cross 70. Its EPS Rating is also poor at 13. Institutional sponsorship for the stock increased in the last quarter by nearly 1%.
Spicejet Ltd
SpiceJet Limited is one of the leading low-cost airlines, providing scheduled flights between major cities in India. The airline operates a fleet of Boeing 737 aircraft. E-booking and e-ticketing facilities are available online, along with telephone booking. SpiceJet's maintenance support is handled by KLM, and technology is sourced from Star Navigation, Russel Adams, and Tech Log. The company also runs a dedicated cargo service, SpiceX press, which is India’s largest cargo operating airline.
Financial performance
Two consecutive years of weak traffic and significant losses and increasing debt has impacted the financial viability, especially the bottom line of the company.
Revenue from operations decreased 63% y/y to INR 18,770.87M, but there is a significant rise in revenue from operation to 11% q/q.
Reported loss of INR 2,353.43M to the net loss of INR 9,983.02M last year.
Growth Drivers
- 40% growth in capacity (seat kilometers) to 31.3B in FY 2019–20
- 93 new routes introduced in FY 2019–20
- 39 aircraft added to the fleet in FY 2019–20
- 6% growth in average fare in FY 2019–20
Analyzing from O'Neil Lens
Last year, after hitting the intraday low at INR 30.8 on March 25, 2020, the stock rallied up to 250% and hit the high of INR 108 on December 11, 2020. Subsequently, the stock consolidated and hit the low of INR 59.4 on April 22, 2021, which marked a correction of around 45%. Again, after hitting the low of INR 59.4, the stock rallied around 86% and is now trading sideways with its current price around INR 80.
Currently, the stock is trending above all its key moving averages after recently reclaiming its 200-DMA. As of now, it has a poor EPS Rank of 20, poor price strength of 37, poor RS Rating of 37, and poor Group Rank of 145 but has good buyer demand of B+. The number of funds invested in the stock increased 4% and shares held by these funds decreased 32.96% in the last quarter.
IRCTC
IRCTC is the only entity authorized by Indian Railways to provide online railway tickets, catering services to railways, and packaged drinking water at railway stations and trains in India. The government of India has an 87.4% stake in the company. It comes under the Mini-Ratna category status.
The company’s four major revenue streams (FY20) are internet ticketing, 27%; catering, 46%; packaged drink ing water, 10%; travel & tourism, 17%.
IRCTC website has around 5.5M logins per day and a transaction volume of over 25M per month. It is one of Asia's most transacted websites.
Recent Quarter Performance:
Consolidated revenue from operations grew 51% sequentially and declined 41% y/y to Rs 338.8 crore. Profit after tax increased 33% q/q and fell 23% y/y to Rs 103.8 crore.
Segment wise revenue contribution: catering, 19.9%; Rail Neer, 8.2%; internet ticketing, 62.6%; tourism, 9.3%.
O’Neil Methodology and Technical viewpoint:
The stock has broken out of its Stage-1(b) cup base pattern and is trading within 0–5% from its pivot of Rs 2,073. It hit a fresh all-time high of Rs 2,200 on July 6. Due to the lockdown, its earnings took a hit; thus, it has a poor EPS Rank of 42. Its Relative Strength is also poor at 50.
Outlook:
IRCTC has the most cost-effective route to book tickets, compared to other online travel agents
IRCTC is expected to benefit from the shift to online booking given the currently prevailing COVID-19 pandemic.
It charges a nominal convenience fee of Rs 15 for Non AC and Rs 30 for AC Tickets.
E-catering has grown at a tremendous CAGR of 157% from FY16 to FY20 in terms of the number of meals booked. As of FY20 end, 690 vendors were providing e-catering facilities at 358 stations. Some of the key food brands which are catering are Domino’s, Subway, Haldiram’s, Faasos. According to this facility, partner restau rants pay a commission of 12% to IRCTC.
Ease Trip Planners
Ease Trip Planners is the fastest growing and only profitable online travel agent (OTA) in India. It provides end-to-end travel solutions for all travel needs under one roof. It provides a ticket booking facility, hotel booking, customized holiday packages, visa processing services, travel insurance, and many others.
Channel wise volume split: B2C, 86.5%; B2B2C, 10.7%; B2E, 2.7%.
Revenue (FY20): Domestic, 81.5%; International, 18.5%.
Segment-wise revenue contribution in March quarter: air passage, 96.4%; hotel packages, 2.5%; other services, 1.1%.
The company has industry-leading KPIs. As of 2020 end, it has 10.3M registered customers. Around 59,000 registered travel agents spread across tier 1, 2, 3 cities. Around 87% of traffic is from mobile.
Recent Quarter Performance:
Consolidated revenue from operations for the March quarter grew 61% q/q and 82% y/y to Rs 57.4 crore. PAT increased 39% q/q and 750% y/y to Rs 30.5 crore.
O’Neil methodology and technical viewpoint:
The stock was listed on exchanges in March. After two months of consolidation, the stock price zoomed 100% within a month. Currently, it is consolidating its gains and trading along with its 21-DMA. It has a good RS strength of 82 and an A/D Rating of A+.
Outlook:
The OTA industry has grown at a CAGR of 20–22% in India (based on gross booking revenue from FY15 to FY20E). Ease Trip has a majority of its revenue from airline ticket bookings; in FY20, this revenue stream grew 37.3%. The company is entering into partnerships and arrangements with various international airlines to increase the volume of bookings.
The hotel and holiday packages segment has higher profitability compared to airline ticket bookings. It has been putting continuous efforts to expand the category. To provide a better experience to customers during an inter national holiday, it has acquired/incorporated subsidiaries in the U.K., U.A.E., and Singapore.
Leveraging the existing company’s travel agents network, it is able to reach out to more customers especially in tier 2 and tier 3 cities.
“Ladies and gentlemen, welcome aboard this service from Bengaluru to Mumbai. We are third in line awaiting take-off and will be in the air in seven minutes. Please fasten your seatbelts and secure all baggage under your seats or in the overhead bins. Enjoy your flight!”
Before COVID-19 grounded flights the world over, this announcement on domestic flights welcomed more than one crore air passengers in India. The pandemic clipped the wings of the global aviation industry as stringent restrictions on travel ensured a near-total absence of flyers on any route, domestic or international.
In the pre-pandemic world, aviation had donned the growth hat. It was especially true of a country like India, where talks abounded about the growing tourism industry, an expanding middle-income class, the increasing preference for flights over trains, and several such tailwinds for the aviation industry.
With the lockdown and its accompanying global travel restrictions, benched staff, and rising ticketing liabilities, aviation companies rapidly burnt cash. In the past, the industry had faced a few headwinds such as higher crude oil prices and economic slumps, but no situation was ever so bad as to ground entire fleets and idle aviation companies, that too for more than a year.
Aviation Industry Faced Grim Scenario in the Backdrop of COVID-19
FY21 brought about the biggest setback the global aviation industry ever faced. Pandemic-induced lockdowns plunged passenger demand by 94.3% in April 2020 versus April 2019, its lowest level ever. Between February and April 2020, revenue-passenger kilometer (RPK) declined steadily/y by almost 99%.
After May 25, 2020, domestic airlines stutteringly resumed operations. Domestic passenger traffic recovered q/q in FY21. The recovery in Q2 stood at 292% as against the figure in Q1. Similarly, Q3 posted a sequential growth of 113% (over Q2) while Q4 posted a sequential growth of 23% (over Q3).
However, the Indian aviation industry again took a huge hit when the second wave of infections hit and many states reinstated lockdowns and restrictions to curb the spread of the pandemic. Daily cash burn at airlines jumped to Rs 19 crore in Q3 FY21, a figure likely to shoot up in the June quarter. Indigo, the leading player in India’s aviation space, registered a 10% decline in its passenger numbers in March 2021 amid the second wave of the pandemic.
Declining Passenger Numbers in January–May 2021
Domestic airlines ferried 312.23 lakh passengers between January and May 2021 as against 331.94 lakh passengers during the same period in 2020, thereby registering a negative annual growth rate of 5.94% (but a positive monthly growth rate of 651.96%).
Passenger Load Factor (PLF)
PLFs of scheduled domestic airlines in May 2021 were as shown in the following chart.
Load factors for all airlines weakening sequentially(%) Indian Online Travel Agency (OTA) Market
India’s OTA market as of FY20 was estimated at $16B. It is expected to nearly double to $31B by FY25, expanding at a CAGR of 14% from FY20 levels. This phenomenal growth is to be driven by the increased adoption of internet platforms in underpenetrated segments such as hotels, international travel, and bus (online penetration rate <20% in each segment). Further, the rise in people’s income level would become a strong tailwind, elevating the underlying demand in sectors such as airlines and hotels. Growth is further expected in the back drop of deeper penetration of travel and tourism in the country’s lower tier towns and cities.
Outlook
Per the International Air Transport Association (IATA), global air travel is expected to rebound strongly by 2023 as countries ramp up COVID-19 vaccinations. IATA estimates passenger numbers would recover to 52% of the pre-pandemic levels by the end of this year, reach 88% next year, and surpass the pre-pandemic levels by 5% in 2023.
Increasing Travel
On the domestic front, demand started improving gradually in the last week of May 2021 and continued into mid-June. In fact, demand increased sharply in June amid the declining number of COVID-19 cases, indicating improved passenger sentiment. Many industry players now expect passenger traffic to revert to the February levels (when bookings surpassed 80% of pre-pandemic levels on certain days) by the end of this year. Travel portals like Ease My Trip are dealing with a slew of inquiries and demand is clearly on the rise like it was after the first wave subsided.
Besides airlines, railway traffic is also on an upswing. Union Railway Minister Piyush Goyal announced that 32 pairs of trains, including the Garib Rath Express Special, Taj Superfast Express, and Shane Punjab Special, will resume operations in July, along with several other routes. This would definitely increase traffic on the Indian Railway Catering & Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) website. On comparing the figures for the last two years, it is evident IRCTC was only able to issue half the number of tickets it usually does. This was due to pandemic-related lockdowns in many states. However, on a positive note, online ticket booking has grown to 80% from 72% in this period, and is expected to grow further.
Recent Developments
The minimum fare for domestic flights was increased, effective June 01, 2021. The lower airfare band was raised 13–15%, keeping the upper limit unchanged. This will be a positive factor for airlines as it will enable them to cover some of the costs attributed to increased fuel prices. Also, airlines fall under the scope of ECLGS 3.0. They can access additional funding of up to 40% of their loan outstanding, or Rs. 200 crore, whichever is lower, at attractive interest rates. Airlines can thus obtain liquidity to manage their working capital requirements. Further, in July, the civil aviation ministry allowed domestic airlines to operate at 65% of their pre-pan demicapacity, an increase from the 50% capacity allowed previously, as daily domestic air passengers numbered nearly 1,60,000 in the first week of July, up from 50,000 in May 2021.
Interglobe Aviation
Interglobe Aviation operates India’s largest passenger airline, IndiGo, which has a market share estimated at 53.9% as of April 2021. It operates in India’s domestic air travel market as a low-cost carrier and runs 1,500+ daily flights with a fleet of 285 aircraft and 91 destinations (67 domestic, 24 international). The company has a code-share agreement with other airlines worldwide. It announced operations to seven new destinations in Q4 FY21.
Financial performance
For the quarter ended March 31, 2021
Revenue from operations decreased 25% y/y to INR 62,229M due to the second wave of the pandemic and a surge in fuel prices.
It reported a net loss of INR 11.472M versus a net loss of INR 8,708M in the same period last year.
The daily cash burn at Indigo was INR 190M in 4QFY21 versus INR 150M q/q.
Risks Related to COVID-19
In Q3 FY21, the company operated around 70% of domestic capacity and only 28% of its international capacity as many countries continued to impose travel restrictions. In Q4 FY21, Indigo hit a peak load factor of 85% on certain days, especially in February 2021. However, a resurgence of COVID-19 cases in March 2021 slowed down bookings. On the international front, Indigo operated air bubble flights to 10 cities with capacity raised to 36% compared with the capacity in December 2020. Also in Q4, average fuel prices and adverse forex effects increased approximately 26% q/q. Daily cash burn increased 26.6% q/q and management expects this to continue into the June quarter.
O’Neil Methodology and Technical Viewpoint
The stock has been trading sideways in the last six months in a range of INR 1,500–1,860. It formed a base-on-base pattern and failed to break out from the stage-one cup pattern. However, it is currently trading between its 21-DMA and 50-DMA. It has a poor RS Rating of 37. Ideally, we would want this rating to cross 70. Its EPS Rating is also poor at 13. Institutional sponsorship for the stock increased in the last quarter by nearly 1%.
Spicejet Ltd
SpiceJet Limited is one of the leading low-cost airlines, providing scheduled flights between major cities in India. The airline operates a fleet of Boeing 737 aircraft. E-booking and e-ticketing facilities are available online, along with telephone booking. SpiceJet's maintenance support is handled by KLM, and technology is sourced from Star Navigation, Russel Adams, and Tech Log. The company also runs a dedicated cargo service, SpiceX press, which is India’s largest cargo operating airline.
Financial performance
Two consecutive years of weak traffic and significant losses and increasing debt has impacted the financial viability, especially the bottom line of the company.
Revenue from operations decreased 63% y/y to INR 18,770.87M, but there is a significant rise in revenue from operation to 11% q/q.
Reported loss of INR 2,353.43M to the net loss of INR 9,983.02M last year.
Growth Drivers
- 40% growth in capacity (seat kilometers) to 31.3B in FY 2019–20
- 93 new routes introduced in FY 2019–20
- 39 aircraft added to the fleet in FY 2019–20
- 6% growth in average fare in FY 2019–20
Analyzing from O'Neil Lens
Last year, after hitting the intraday low at INR 30.8 on March 25, 2020, the stock rallied up to 250% and hit the high of INR 108 on December 11, 2020. Subsequently, the stock consolidated and hit the low of INR 59.4 on April 22, 2021, which marked a correction of around 45%. Again, after hitting the low of INR 59.4, the stock rallied around 86% and is now trading sideways with its current price around INR 80.
Currently, the stock is trending above all its key moving averages after recently reclaiming its 200-DMA. As of now, it has a poor EPS Rank of 20, poor price strength of 37, poor RS Rating of 37, and poor Group Rank of 145 but has good buyer demand of B+. The number of funds invested in the stock increased 4% and shares held by these funds decreased 32.96% in the last quarter.
IRCTC
IRCTC is the only entity authorized by Indian Railways to provide online railway tickets, catering services to railways, and packaged drinking water at railway stations and trains in India. The government of India has an 87.4% stake in the company. It comes under the Mini-Ratna category status.
The company’s four major revenue streams (FY20) are internet ticketing, 27%; catering, 46%; packaged drink ing water, 10%; travel & tourism, 17%.
IRCTC website has around 5.5M logins per day and a transaction volume of over 25M per month. It is one of Asia's most transacted websites.
Recent Quarter Performance:
Consolidated revenue from operations grew 51% sequentially and declined 41% y/y to Rs 338.8 crore. Profit after tax increased 33% q/q and fell 23% y/y to Rs 103.8 crore.
Segment wise revenue contribution: catering, 19.9%; Rail Neer, 8.2%; internet ticketing, 62.6%; tourism, 9.3%.
O’Neil Methodology and Technical viewpoint:
The stock has broken out of its Stage-1(b) cup base pattern and is trading within 0–5% from its pivot of Rs 2,073. It hit a fresh all-time high of Rs 2,200 on July 6. Due to the lockdown, its earnings took a hit; thus, it has a poor EPS Rank of 42. Its Relative Strength is also poor at 50.
Outlook:
IRCTC has the most cost-effective route to book tickets, compared to other online travel agents
IRCTC is expected to benefit from the shift to online booking given the currently prevailing COVID-19 pandemic.
It charges a nominal convenience fee of Rs 15 for Non AC and Rs 30 for AC Tickets.
E-catering has grown at a tremendous CAGR of 157% from FY16 to FY20 in terms of the number of meals booked. As of FY20 end, 690 vendors were providing e-catering facilities at 358 stations. Some of the key food brands which are catering are Domino’s, Subway, Haldiram’s, Faasos. According to this facility, partner restau rants pay a commission of 12% to IRCTC.
Ease Trip Planners
Ease Trip Planners is the fastest growing and only profitable online travel agent (OTA) in India. It provides end-to-end travel solutions for all travel needs under one roof. It provides a ticket booking facility, hotel booking, customized holiday packages, visa processing services, travel insurance, and many others.
Channel wise volume split: B2C, 86.5%; B2B2C, 10.7%; B2E, 2.7%.
Revenue (FY20): Domestic, 81.5%; International, 18.5%.
Segment-wise revenue contribution in March quarter: air passage, 96.4%; hotel packages, 2.5%; other services, 1.1%.
The company has industry-leading KPIs. As of 2020 end, it has 10.3M registered customers. Around 59,000 registered travel agents spread across tier 1, 2, 3 cities. Around 87% of traffic is from mobile.
Recent Quarter Performance:
Consolidated revenue from operations for the March quarter grew 61% q/q and 82% y/y to Rs 57.4 crore. PAT increased 39% q/q and 750% y/y to Rs 30.5 crore.
O’Neil methodology and technical viewpoint:
The stock was listed on exchanges in March. After two months of consolidation, the stock price zoomed 100% within a month. Currently, it is consolidating its gains and trading along with its 21-DMA. It has a good RS strength of 82 and an A/D Rating of A+.
Outlook:
The OTA industry has grown at a CAGR of 20–22% in India (based on gross booking revenue from FY15 to FY20E). Ease Trip has a majority of its revenue from airline ticket bookings; in FY20, this revenue stream grew 37.3%. The company is entering into partnerships and arrangements with various international airlines to increase the volume of bookings.
The hotel and holiday packages segment has higher profitability compared to airline ticket bookings. It has been putting continuous efforts to expand the category. To provide a better experience to customers during an inter national holiday, it has acquired/incorporated subsidiaries in the U.K., U.A.E., and Singapore.
Leveraging the existing company’s travel agents network, it is able to reach out to more customers especially in tier 2 and tier 3 cities.
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